2.5Agreed mission conclusions
Therefore, in the light of the available information and in the absence of any direct evidence of the process carried out by the Jamaican exporters to obtain the knitwear supplied to the Community, or of any appropriate documents proving the originating status of the textile goods exported to the Community or of any information sufficient to determine the Jamaican preferential origin of the products supplied, the Jamaican authorities were not in a position to confirm the Jamaican preferential origin status of the goods as declared on importation into the Community.
In addition, the results of the Jamaican-EC verification carried out in the course of the Community mission in conjunction with available information on exports from the PR China to the Kingston and Garmex Free Zones in Jamaica clearly indicate:
• that the provisions of Protocol 1 of the ACP-EC Partnership Agreement were contravened by the Jamaican exporters;
• that all of the products exported to the EC were not exclusively manufactured from yarn and, therefore, cannot be considered as originating in Jamaica;
• that most or all of the goods exported to the Community were either manufactured in Jamaica from shells originating in the PR China or were re-exports of finished garments originating in the PR China;
• that, considering the limited supplies of yarn to the Kingston and Garmex Free Zones in Jamaica, some of the goods exported to the Community may have been produced from yarn. However, the exact quantities produced from yarn and the related exports cannot be identified in the absence of any direct evidence provided by the exporters concerned; and
• that the Jamaican exporters concerned, when applying to the customs authorities for the issuance of the relevant EUR.1 certificates, made false declarations in respect of the originating status of the goods exported from the Kingston and Garmex Free Zones in Jamaica to the Community.
The Jamaica Customs Department therefore concluded that EUR.1 movement certificates issued since January 2001 until the conclusion of the mission, in respect of the consignments subject to this investigation, are authentic but nevertheless incorrect, in respect of the origin status of the goods concerned, and consequently are invalid.
(…)”
5. Op 23 maart 2005 zijn in Kingston de notulen van de missie van OLAF opgesteld [
Hof: en namens de regering van Jamaica ondertekend door “Ambassador Douglas Saunders, Permanent Secretary Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Annex 18 bij het onder 4 aangehaalde missierapport)]. Deze notulen houden, voor zover van belang, onder meer in:
“(…)
4. IMPORTS INTO AND EXPORTS FROM JAMAICA
The Jamaican companies concerned (…) received their supplies of merchandise exclusively from the PR China. (…)
(…) The goods supplied from the PR China were invoiced by the Hong Kong-based companies [C] Limited, [D] Limited. [E] Limited and [zwart gemaakt] all of which belong to the [Y-groep] of companies (…).
5. INSPECTION OF THE PREMISES
All of the companies had ceased trading shortly prior to the commencement of the verification and the premises were closed and locked. However (…) the Kingston Free Zone authorities arranged access to the premises of [B] and [A]. The [zwart gemaakt] premises were completely empty – all equipment and documentation had been removed. Similarly, in the premises of [A] (…), virtually all of the equipment had been removed together with all of the documentation from the offices. (…)
The premises of [B] (…). Virtually all documents had been removed from the offices. (…)
7. CONCLUSION
(…)
The Jamaica Customs Department therefore concludes that the EUR.1 movement certificates issued since 1 January 2002 to date, in respect of the consignments subject to this investigation, are authentic but nevertheless incorrect, in respect of the origin status of the goods concerned, and consequently are invalid.
(…)
Both the Jamaica Customs Department and the Trade Board underlined the fact, as recognized by the Community mission team, that they had acted in good faith hand exercised due diligence when issuing the movement and non-preferential origin certificates concerned. The results of the joint verifications carried out in the course of the Community mission show that the group of Jamaican companies concerned made false declarations with the view to obtaining the certificates concerned. This deception would have been difficult for the Jamaican authorities to detect due to the professional manner in which the companies disguised the true nature of the goods introduced into the Free Zones. In addition, when visited, the companies concerned presented themselves in a manner which led the authorities to conclude that they operated and manufactured the goods in line with the requirements of the Protocol 1 of the ACP-EC Partnership Agreement.
On behalf of the Government of Jamaica
Ambassador Douglas SAUNDERS, Permanent Secretary Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade”
6. Op 10 september 2005 heeft [werknemer X], een voormalige werknemer van [B] Ltd., [F] en [A] Ltd. die verantwoordelijk was voor het plannen, implementeren en toezicht houden op alle im- en exportprocedures, een verklaring afgelegd. Deze verklaring is voorgesteld als een getuigenis in een procedure die ‘[G] SpA’ had aangespannen tegen de Jamaicaanse douaneautoriteiten (eerste verweerder) en Trade Board Limited (tweede verweerder) bij de Supreme Court of Judicature of Jamaica in Common Law. De relevante passages luiden als volgt:
“9. On an average weekly basis approximately five (5) containers arrived in Jamaica consigned to one or more companies. During the peak production seasons as much as twenty (20) containers were sent to and received in Jamaica on behalf of the companies. (…) Containers to the Kingston Freezone were delivered through a side gate which gave direct access to the Customs terminal at Berth 11.
10. The containers so delivered, arrived at the Jamaican Companies services with an unbroken seal and it was the duty of the relevant Custom’s Officer to
a. Witness the removal of said seal
b. Examine the contents of the container
c. Compare said contents with the descriptions on the relevant shipping documentation
d. Allow the Jamaican Companies (…) to thereafter take delivery and possession of the contents of the container having established the accuracy of the descriptions on the contents.
e. Seize and detain all contents or all containers which were not in conformity with the descriptions on the shipping documents and were therefore mis-described.
11. The 1st Defendant, its Officers or Agents were, or ought to have been well aware of the fact, that in order for the Jamaican Companies to benefit under the European Community Programme which entitled it to import its garments into the European Union (EU) duty free, the relevant rules of origin had to be met as described in Paragraph 8 above.
(…)
14. Throughout the period that the Jamaican Companies operated, they applied for and the 1st Defendant granted literally hundreds of EUR1 Certificates for the use and benefit of the Jamaican Companies.
(…)
16. During the years that I worked with the Jamaican Companies I was able to make first hand observations as to the regulatory and or supervisory activities of the 1st Defendant in relation to the Jamaican Companies and I make the following points as to the significant features of the 1st Defendants approach to the Jamaican Companies’ operations:
a. (…) very rarely examined the removal of the seals (…) and as such hardly ever conducted any inspection whatsoever as to the contents of said containers.
b. (…) very rarely attended the Jamaican Companies’ factories in order to determine whether any knitting of yarn was taking place there (…) even though in the case of the Jamaican Companies which operated in the Kingston Freezone the 1st Defendant’s sub-office was less than one hundred metres from the Jamaican Companies’ factories.
c. The 2nd Defendant only attended the Jamaican Companies’ factories about once per year.
d. Requests for verification (…) never except for one instance, caused the 1st Defendant to conduct any corresponding enquiries or probes into the Jamaican Companies operations and were most frequently dealt with by a standard issuance of verification.
e. (…)
f. The 1st Defendant regularly submitted invoices for payment for overtime work for its Agents who purportedly took accounts of the contents of the containers or examined the work processes of the Jamaican Companies (…). In many instances said Officers were not in fact present and overtime invoices were completed by way of telephonic enquiries made by the 1st Defendant’s Officers in order to ascertain the working hours for the factories for the relevant period claim.
(…)
20. I hereby state that based on those figures asserted even the most cursory and infrequent inspection of the containers imported by the Jamaican Companies would have readily revealed that the Jamaican Companies were importing finished or semi-finished goods which did not satisfy the rules of origin. The extent of the disparity between the quantity of yarn imported and the quantity of sweaters/cardigans/pullovers exported simply could not be concealed.
21. I also refer to page 4 paragraph 4 of the said Minutes and note that said report acknowledges that the shipping documents of some of the Jamaican Companies since September 2004 revealed on the face of the documents that “sweaters shells” were being imported. (…)
22. (…) Had the 1st Defendant done any checks whatsoever it would have been immediately clear to them that the rules of origin have been breached. In fact, on the rare occasions that they did check, it was seen by the 1st Defendant that the rules of origin were clearly breached.
23. I state further that on repeated occasions the 1st Defendant did in fact conduct examinations of containers imported by the Jamaican Companies albeit quite rarely and they have in fact made specific determinations that the contents of said containers were in breach of the requisite rules of origin in so far as they were found to be finished sweaters. (…) The most recent “detection” occurred in October 2004. (…)
(…)
26. The 1st Defendant detained the said containers (…).
27. The containers were subsequently examined on October 8, 2004 (…) Notices of Detention which indicates that the containers only had sweaters (finished).
28. (…) There was in fact no yarn whatsoever in the containers. Nevertheless the 1st Defendant on October 11, 2004 simply released the three (3) containers to [F] on the condition that a “letter of explanation to the Commissioner of Customs” be given. (…)
29. I saw the explanation letter given by the Jamaican Company and state that said letter was quite facile and failed to address the fact that the imported sweaters were in breach of the rule of origin and simply sought to apologize for the mis-description of the goods while promising not to let it happen again.
30. The sweaters which were in these containers were subsequently shipped to Germany and the Netherlands by [F] under the EUR1 movement certificate. (…)
(…)”
7. Op 10 februari 2006 is [
Hof: door OLAF] een verslag opgesteld van een bespreking met [werknemer X]. Hij heeft volgens dit verslag, weergegeven in de woorden van de opsteller van het verslag, onder andere het volgende verklaard tegenover enkele van de deelnemers van de missie van maart 2005:
“ (…)
He clarified that the Jamaican companies were engaged in the manufacturing and sale of textile garments. Prior to 1986, all of the goods exported by the companies were manufactured in Jamaica from imported yarn. They then commenced to import semi-finished products in 1986/87. In about 1990 the companies started to import fully finished products.
(…)
In both the Garmex and the Kingston Free Zone, there was one customs official and two or three customs clerks who were supposed to open the containers on arrival in the company premises but in reality this did not happen. The containers were opened and discharged by the company. The contents of the containers were checked but not by him. Stock records were kept by the company but not by him.
Nevertheless, he saw that semi-finished and fully finished garments were imported in addition to yarn. The consignments described as ‘yarn and sweaters’ consisted of ready-made garments and a small quantity of yarn. He never received any of the correct invoices in respect of these consignments. He did not know why the goods were described as ‘yarn and sweaters’. However, he had been instructed by the manager of the Jamaican companies, [naam persoon], to fill in the Customs C36 entry form with the information given in the invoices and the bills of lading describing the goods as ‘yarn and sweaters’. In addition, there were also consignments consisting solely of yarn. Approximately 70 to 80 per cent of all imports by the Jamaican companies were ready-made garments and 20 to 30 per cent were yarn. The invoices submitted to customs in respect of the consignments of yarn correctly described the goods as yarn.
The imported finished goods were destined to fulfil specific orders and were not for stock. Normally, these goods were re-exported within two weeks. Imports and exports could be linked but he could not do it.
Approximately 2000 workers were employed by the Jamaican companies and they were responsible for the processing of the imported goods which consisted mainly of washing, ironing, labelling and packing.
The import invoices presented to customs showed a variety of company names ([D], [C] and [E]) but is all cases, the documents were received from the head office in Hong Kong, i.e. [Y]. (…)”
(…)