5.1Inleiding
Bij tussenuitspraak van 29 maart 2019heeft de rechtbank geoordeeld dat het jaarverslag van ‘HM Chief Inspector of Prisons for England and Wales’, alsmede de onderliggende rapporten en dringende kennisgevingen objectieve, betrouwbare, nauwkeurige en naar behoren bijgewerkte gegevens betreffen als bedoeld in het arrest van het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie inzake Aranyosi en Căldăraru van 5 april 2016. Op basis van deze documenten heeft de rechtbank vastgesteld dat er vanwege de algemene detentieomstandigheden in de penitentiaire inrichtingen HMP Birmingham, HMP Bedford en HMP Liverpool - in het bijzonder de geconstateerde beperkte individuele ruimte en onvoldoende compenserende omstandigheden in genoemde inrichtingen - een reëel gevaar bestaat van onmenselijke of vernederende behandeling, zoals bedoeld in artikel 4 van het Handvest van de grondrechten van de Europese Unie (hierna: Handvest). Dit was onder meer gebaseerd op ’The
Annual Reportfor 2017-18 by the chief inspector of prisons for England and Wales’ van 11 juli 2018 waarin the chief inspector “
some of the most disturbing prison conditions we have ever seen,” aantrof, alsmede “
conditions which have no place in an advanced nation in the 21st century.” Dit was onder meer reden om een zogenaamd ‘Urgent Notification protocol’ te starten, waarin ‘Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Prisons’ zich direct tot ‘the lord chancellor’ en ’the secretary of state for justice’ kan wenden als er een “
urgent and significant concern about the performance of a prison” is geconstateerd. Deze procedure is inmiddels op een aantal gevangenissen toegepast, waaronder Liverpool Prison, waar ’the parliamentary Justice Select Committee’ een onderzoek heeft ingesteld.
In de onderhavige overleveringszaak heeft het IRC op 1 april 2019 de volgende vraag aan de uitvaardigende justitiële autoriteit gesteld:
“In a recent surrender case the Court in Amsterdam adjourned several proceedings in UK surrender cases because of the detention conditions in the prison facilities of HMP Birmingham, Bedford and Liverpool. This referring to the report of the HM Chief of Inspector of Prisons for England and Wales and bearing in mind the jurisprudence of the ECHR of 20 October 2016 (Application no. 7334/13). In order to avoid the adjournment in this particular case, I kindly request the issuing authority for a guarantee that Mr [opgeëiste persoon 2] , when surrendered to the UK, will not be placed in the prison in HMP Birmingham, Bedford or Liverpool.”
Bij brief van 24 april 2019 heeft ‘the Director General Prisons, HM Prison and Probation Service’ onder meer het volgende geantwoord:
“
(…) We do not accept that conditions anywhere in our prisons amount to inhuman or degrading treatment contrary to Article 3 ECHR. (…)
The independent scrutiny provided by HMCIP (rechtbank: HM Chief Inspector) reports is crucial for transparently identifying areas for operational improvement. Since the inspection of the three prisons above, progress has been made by HMPPS (rechtbank: HM Prison and Probation Service) in improving all three prisons, which I cover in more detail below. However, while these reports – and safety statistics for the prison estate in England and Wales more widely – indicate the operational issues, they are not a finding of a breach of Article 3.
Crowding:
(…) Crowding refers to a cell holding more prisoners than the number for which it was originally designed. Operational capacity refers to the number of prisoners each prison can safely hold (…) Prisons do not operate above their authorised operational capacity, which ensures that crowding levels do not compromise the provision of safe and decent accommodation and the operation of suitable regimes.
Prisoners held in crowded conditions do not lack sufficient space, (…). The prison’s regime, facilities and staffing will be structured to deliver at the operational capacity. (…)
Her Majesty’s Government (HMG) is taking steps to reduce crowding in prison. The average percentage of prisoners in crowded accommodation was 24.2% in 2017-18, slightly down from 24.5% in 2016-17. (…)
However, it does not follow that crowded capacity is unsafe or indecent. (…)
Safety:
(…)
In November 2016 we secured £100 million investment to increase staffing levels by an additional 2,500 prison officers by the end of December 2018. We met and exceeded this target 7 months early, with an additional 4,700 officers in post by the end of April 2018. These increased staffing levels are allowing us to run improved regimes across the prison estate. (…)
We are rolling out improved suicide and self-harm training for new and existing staff. (…)
Liverpool, Birmingham and Bedford
At Birmingham and Bedford following the issuing of the Urgent Notification by HMCIP the Justice Secretary responded formally and set out the initial action the MoJ and HMPPS would take to urgently address the concerns identified. The CEO of HMPPS wrote to HMCIP about the initial actions to be taken at Liverpool following its inspection, and there are comprehensive action plans in place for all three establishments, with national, regional and local oversight of progress. The action plan is subject to regular scrutiny internally and progress will form part of future assessments by HMCIP. (…)
A new Governor was appointed at each of the three prisons, each with a proven track record for improving prisons and delivering in difficult circumstances. Each Governor has been supported in delivering their action plan with additional staff, reduced operational capacity and increased facilities management and capital investment to improve living conditions.
In summary I believe the action taken by HMPPS at HMP Liverpool, HMP Birmingham and HMP Bedford ensures that should Mr [opgeëiste persoon 2] now be placed in any of them he would be held in acceptable conditions, which certainly do not constitute inhuman or degrading treatment. On that basis I am not prepared to guarantee that Mr Graney will not be held at any of these three sites on return to the UK. (…)”