Uitspraak
RECHTBANK DEN HAAG
uitspraak van de meervoudige kamer van 13 juli 2015 in de zaak tussen
de Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie, verweerder
Procesverloop
Overwegingen
“The Court recalls that the notion of "family life" in Article 8 is not confined solely to marriage-based relationships and may encompass other de facto "family ties" where parties are living together outside marriage (see as the most recent authority, the Keegan v. Ireland judgment of 26 May 1994, Series A no. 290, pp. 17-18, para. 44). Although, as a rule, living together may be a requirement for such a relationship, exceptionally other factors may also serve to demonstrate that a relationship has sufficient constancy to create de facto "family ties"; such is the case here, as since 1987 four children have been born to Mrs Kroon and Mr Zerrouk.”In het arrest van 20 juni 2002 in de zaak Al-Nashif tegen Bulgarije (JV 2002/239) heeft het EHRM in rechtsoverweging 112 – voor zover hier van belang – het volgende overwogen over de vraag of sprake is van “family life” in de zin van artikel 8 van Pro het EVRM:
“The existence or non-existence of “family life” is essentially a question of fact depending upon the reality in practice of close personal ties (see K. and T. v. Finland (GC), no. 25702/94, ECHR 2001-VII, par. 150). (…) Insofar as relations in a couple are concerned, ”family life” encompasses families based on marriage and also de facto relationships. When deciding whether a relationship can be said to amount to ”family life”, a number of factors may be relevant, including whether the couple live together, the length of their relationship and whether they have demonstrated their commitment to each other by having children together or by any other means (see Kroon and Others v. the Netherlands judgment of 27 October 1994, Series A no. 297-C, pp. 55-56, par. 30, and the X, Y and Z v. the United Kingdom judgment of 22 April 1997, Reports 1997-II, par. 36.)”In het arrest van 1 juni 2004 in de zaak Lebbink tegen Nederland (NJ 2004/667) heeft het EHRM in rechtsoverweging 36 – voor zover hier van belang – het volgende overwogen:
“36. Although, as a rule, cohabitation may be a requirement for such a relationship, exceptionally other factors may also serve to demonstrate that a relationship has sufficient constancy to create de facto “family ties” (see Kroon and Others v. the Netherlands, judgment of 27 October 1994, Series A no. 297-C, p. 55, § 30 (NJ 1995/248). The existence or non-existence of “family life” for the purposes of Article 8 is essentially a question of fact depending upon the real existence in practice of close personal ties (see K. and T. v. Finland, ([GC], no. 25702/94, § 150, ECHR 2001-VII). (…)”