Naar het oordeel van het Hof bestaat onder de omstandigheden van dit geval – de pleegmoeder heeft het kind bijna vanaf diens geboorte meer dan vijfeneenhalf jaar verzorgd en opgevoed – tussen de pleegmoeder en het kind ‘family life’ als bedoeld in artikel 8 EVRM. Het Hof verwijst naar de uitspraak van de Grote Kamer van het Europese Hof voor de rechten van de mens van 24 januari 2017 in de zaak
Paradiso and Campanelli v. Italy(Application no. 25358/12) waarin is overwogen:
‘148. The Court must ascertain whether, in the circumstances of the case, the relationship between the applicants and the child came within the sphere of family life within the meaning of Article 8. The Court accepts, in certain situations, the existence of de facto family life between an adult or adults and a child in the absence of biological ties or a recognised legal tie, provided that there are genuine personal ties.
149. In spite of the absence of a biological tie and of a parental relationship that was legally recognised by the respondent State, the Court has found that there existed family life between the foster parents who had cared for a child on a temporary basis and the child in question, on account of the close personal ties between them, the role played by the adults vis‑à‑vis the child, and the time spent together (see Moretti and Benedetti v. Italy, no. 16318/07, § 48, 27 April 2010, and Kopf and Liberda v. Austria, no. 1598/06, § 37, 17 January 2012). In the case of Moretti and Benedetti, the Court attached importance to the fact that the child had arrived in the family at the age of one month and that, for nineteen months, the applicants had shared the first important stages of his young life with the child. It also noted that the court-ordered reports on the family showed that the child was well integrated in the family and deeply attached to the applicants and to their children. The applicants had also provided for the child’s social development. These elements were sufficient for the Court to find that there existed between the applicants and the child a close inter-personal bond and that the applicants behaved in every respect as her parents, so that “de facto” “family ties” existed between them (see Moretti and Benedetti, cited above, §§ 49-50). The Kopf and Liberda case concerned a foster family which had cared, over a period of about forty-six months, for a child who had arrived in their home at the age of two. Here too the Court concluded that family life existed, given that the applicants had a genuine concern for the child’s well-being and that an emotional bond had developed between the individuals concerned (see Kopf and Liberda, cited above, § 37).
150. In addition, in the case of Wagner and J.M.W.L. v. Luxembourg (no. 76240/01, § 117, 28 June 2007) – which concerned the inability to obtain legal recognition in Luxembourg of a Peruvian judicial decision pronouncing the second applicant’s full adoption by the first applicant – the Court recognised the existence of family life in the absence of legal recognition of the adoption. It took into consideration that de facto family ties had existed for more than ten years between the applicants and that the first applicant had acted as the minor child’s mother in every respect.
151. It is therefore necessary, in the instant case, to consider the quality of the ties, the role played by the applicants vis-à-vis the child and the duration of the cohabitation between them and the child. The Court considers that the applicants had developed a parental project and had assumed their role as parents vis-à-vis the child (see, a contrario, Giusto, Bornacin and V. v. Italy (dec.), no. 38972/06, 15 May 2007). They had forged close emotional bonds with him in the first stages of his life, the strength of which was, moreover, clear from the report drawn up by the team of social workers following a request by the Minors Court (see paragraph 25 above).
152. With regard to the duration of the cohabitation between the applicants and the child in this case, the Court notes that the applicants and the child lived together for six months in Italy, preceded by a period of about two months’ shared life between the first applicant and the child in Russia.
153. It would admittedly be inappropriate to define a minimal duration of shared life which would be necessary to constitute de facto family life, given that the assessment of any situation must take account of the “quality” of the bond and the circumstances of each case. However, the duration of the relationship with the child is a key factor in the Court’s recognition of the existence of a family life. In the above-cited case of Wagner and J.M.W.L., the cohabitation had lasted for more than ten years. Equally, in the Nazarenko case (cited above, § 58), in which a married man had assumed the parental role before discovering that he was not the child’s biological father, the period spent together had lasted more than five years.’